Introduction:
Objectives Sectoral sanctions are a policy instrument situated at the intersection of economic governance and national security strategy, intended to weaken rival states by targeting key areas of their economies. They explore the prerequisites for their effectiveness, namely coordination, flexibility, proportionality, and adherence to international norms, and evaluate their practical consequences in the case of the Russian Federation. The study contends that, despite generating measurable economic pressure, the overall impact of these sanctions has been limited, as Russia has demonstrated economic adaptability, mitigated the effects of restrictions, strengthened its military capacity, and intensified strategic ties with China, Iran, and North Korea. The findings suggest that sanctions can achieve their intended strategic outcomes only if they are implemented rigorously and sustained over time. However, their effectiveness is shaped by the evolving international system, which is no longer centered exclusively on the Western cultural sphere. Sectoral sanctions can serve as an important instrument of deterrence in international politics when cooperating state partners are united.

Material and Methods:
Qualitative content analysis of academic literature, policy documents, and strategic reports. Comparative analysis of Western and Russian approaches to national security and sanctions policy

Results:
Sanctions must be implemented in a comprehensive and coordinated manner, otherwise, they are unlikely to produce the intended outcomes or meaningfully impact the national security apparatus of the targeted state.

Conclusions:
Sectoral sanctions serve as a vital instrument, forming a central component of a national security doctrine focused on self-driven development, the continuity of strategic planning, and the formulation of a comprehensive state's grand strategy.