Purpose: The purpose of this article is to explain the process of military personnel reconversion, as well as to assess its impact on the improvement of the social security of soldiers discharged from professional military service as a result of the restructuring of the armed forces. Method: The scientific methods used in the paper include: analysis and criticism of the literature on the subject, as well as logical analysis and construction. The research was carried out on the basis of data on the Polish Armed Forces. Results: Analysis of the available sources allows for a thesis that reconversion of military personnel may have a significant impact on the improvement of the social security of military professionals and the condition of the armed forces, provided that the organizational and legal conditions are fully adapted to its needs. Conclusions: Currently, reconversion of military personnel is carried out under optimal conditions and has the appropriate organizational potential and legal basis to secure the restructuring process of the Polish Armed Forces.