This paper attempts to analyze the impact of energy poverty in terms of heat energy on the level of social security of Polish households being a sample and an indicator of the level of energy security. The issue is presented in three aspects: – Attempt to explain the concept of energy poverty; – Factors affecting the level of energy poverty in terms of heat energy; – How consequences of energy poverty influence the level of social security. To deepen the problem, the research was carried out using survey and analytical-synthetic methods.