Objectives:
This article examines the impact of disinformation on state security and explores effective countermeasures within democratic societies. The study analyses the mechanisms of information warfare, the role of artificial intelligence in both the spread and detection of disinformation, and the legal challenges in regulating this phenomenon. The key objective is to determine how to mitigate threats to disinformation while upholding democratic principles of free speech and access to information.

Methods:
Research adopts an interdisciplinary approach, integrating political science, legal, sociological, and technological perspectives. It includes a literature review, case studies, and a comparative analysis of disinformation strategies used by state and nonstate actors. Special attention is paid to AI-based tools and cybersecurity frameworks in the countering of disinformation.

Results:
Disinformation is a crucial component of modern hybrid warfare, aimed at destabilising democracies and influencing political and security decisions. Traditional fact-checking methods prove to be ineffective, as false narratives often appear more credible than factual information. AI-driven solutions remain experimental, facing challenges in transparency and adaptability. Additionally, legal efforts to combat disinformation often clash with democratic norms, complicating regulatory responses.

Conclusions:
State security in the digital age demands evolving countermeasures that integrate technological, legal, and educational initiatives. Raising public awareness and improving media literacy are essential, but balancing security policies with civil liberties remains a challenge. Future research should refine AI-driven detection methods and develop adaptable legal frameworks to address emerging threats.